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: 2026
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(.): extended Kalman filter, square-root implementation, QR decomposition, IMU, GNSS, positioning, quaternion, mode switching, multipath
: () (). - (SR-EKF) . - QR- . - ( ) : () , . , , / , . .
(.): The problem of joint positioning and attitude estimation of a moving object using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is considered. A Square-Root Extended Kalman Filter (SR-EKF) with heading measurement mode switching is proposed. The square-root implementation is based on QR decompositions, ensuring numerical stability and guaranteed positive semi-definiteness of the covariance matrix. To compensate for GNSS signal degradation under multipath and shadowing conditions (e.g., bridge crossings), a switching mechanism is implemented: when the signal quality metric exceeds a threshold, heading correction is disabled and measurement noise covariance is scaled. The nonlinear motion model, GNSS position/velocity/heading and accelerometer roll/pitch measurement models, and asynchronous multi-rate integration algorithm are described. The approach is validated on real data from two routes with GNSS degradation episodes.
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