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: 115
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: 2025
: .., .. // . - 2025. - . 115. - .100-137.
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(.): evolutionary cybernetics, cybernetic principles of evolution, methodology of multi-alternative control
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(.): The article presents the results of studies devoted to the property of multi-alternative structure and functioning of complex biological systems. The purpose of the work is: generalization of these results in the form of an evolutionary methodology of multi-alternative control of large artificial systems, identification of the place of this methodology among known cybernetic principles of control, and determination of its capabilities in practical implementation. It is noted that the relevance of the above-mentioned generalization is determined by the urgent need to systematize various areas within the framework of cybernetics itself as a science. The cybernetic basis of the methodology of multi-alternative control is revealed, consisting in the reproduction of evolutionary mechanisms of living systems that go beyond the mechanism of natural selection and are traditionally considered as a property of the diversity of these systems. Based on the analysis of the content of these mechanisms, fairly simple principles of the proposed methodology are formulated: the principle of diversity and separation of functions, the principle of multi-level structure and the principle of modularity. The constructive nature of these principles is shown, directly indicating the methods and ways of their practical implementation. A generalized model of a multi-alternative control system is presented, and a description of its functional units is given. The system-forming role of the multi-alternative control methodology in relation to a number of basic cybernetic principles of control of false objects is shown, consisting in identifying the general evolutionary content of these principles. Specific examples of the application of the methodology for the synthesis of control systems for various objects are considered, and its high efficiency is demonstrated.
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